传统知识的知识产权保护正当性研究——以社区为新权利主体

传统知识是整个人类的宝贵财富。传统知识的基本特征使其难以获得现代知识产权制度的保护。在权利客体上,基于传统知识的基本特征,对知识产权客体进行发展、扩充,承认传统知识为知识产权保护的特殊客体;在权利主体的界定上,根据传统知识其本身的主体群体性、社区传统根本性特点,结合社区发展权理论,明确以社区作为传统知识在知识产权上的权利主体。对传统知识进行知识产权上的保护具有正当性,是法律公平原则的体现,是尊重人格权的需要,是维护和发展文化多样性和生物多样性的资源基础,是知识产权平衡激励机制的本质体现。

Justification of Protecting Traditional Knowledge by Intellectual Property Law taking Community as New Subject of Right Simultaneously

The traditional knowledge is precious wealth of the whole human. The traditional knowledge basic characteristic causes it to obtain the modern intellectual property rights system with difficulty the protection. In the right of object, based on the traditional knowledge basic characteristic, carries on the development, the expansion to the intellectual property rights object, the acknowledgement tradition knowledge for the intellectual property rights protection special object; In the subject of object limits, according to the traditional knowledge its itself main body community, the community tradition fundamental characteristic, to the community development right theory, is clear about to the community taking the traditional knowledge in the intellectual property rights subject of object. The protection to that traditional knowledge carries by the intellectual property right is proper, is the embodiment of the fair principle of the law, it is a need of respecting personality right, safeguarding and developing on cultural variety and resource foundation of the bio-diversity, the essence that it is the balanced incentive mechanism of the intellectual property right reflects.