原则、自由裁量与依法裁判

由于原则与强自由裁量的天然关联,基于原则的裁判具有非常强的任意性。如果不对这种自由裁量进行有效的限制,那么原则裁判很容易导向恣意裁判,尤其在同规则矛盾时适用原则的举动将会引发更大的问题。目前限制原则裁判的两个主要条件即穷尽规则和个案裁量,均存在严重的理论困难,这就要求必须寻找全新的限制条件。这些新的条件主要包括:普遍性条件、比例原则以及不得违反法律体系性要求。

Principles,Discretion and Legal Reasoning

One of the most important contributions of modern jurisprudence is the theory of principle, which affirms another legal norm besides rule.However,because principle is necessary connection with discretion,reasoning by principle will be very arbitrary;especially when principles contradict with rules. So,we must find how to restrict that character of principle in order to keep the determinacy of legal rea- soning.But,the present two restrict conditions,the end of rules and the judgment of individual case, have some defaults.In this article,we think only the three new conditions are efficient,the general con- dition,principle of proportionality and fit the legal system.