社会资本与大学生就业相关理论研究综述

无论是劳动力市场中供需平衡理论还是流动与竞争理论等都不能很好地解释大学生就业中存在的诸如“官二代”、“富二代”、“拼爹”等现象，需要借助新的视角——社会资本理论。社会资本作为就业结果的影响因素已经引起广泛关注。尽管国内外学者对于社会资本与大学生就业存在“强关系”和“弱关系”的争议，但至少都认为社会关系网络对大学生就业质量产生着至关重要的影响。这就给我们两点启示：一是政府要尽快建立竞争充分、制度规范的劳动力市场，将社会资本对大学生就业的作用限制在合理范围内。二是在我国劳动力市场未充分完善之前，大学生除了学好专业知识、取得各种证书、加强身体锻炼之外，还应该积累社会资本，增加自己的就业筹码。

Review of Social Capitals and College Graduate Employment Relationship Theories

In current labor market in China, neither supply and demand theory nor liquidity and competitive equilibrium theory explains certain facts such as ＂second generations＂ and ＂rich dad＂ in college graduate employment situations. As a theory that provides a new perspective for these phenomena, social capital theory has called wide attention in the field. While the strength of the relationship remains controversial, it is commonly agreed among scholars that social networks has certain amount of impact on college graduates＇ employment status. Therefore, a well regulated, competition oriented labor market should be established soon to limit the effect of social networking in employment relationships. Meanwhile, college students should work on social capital accumulation besides their curriculum studies to secure their positions in the job market.