文化潜规则对日本外交决策的影响

每种文化都有其或显或潜的人际交往规则。显规则强调的是理性和正式规则,潜规则强调的是情感、关系性和非正式规则。潜规则作为一种人际交往规则,实质也是一种交换规则。社会交换行为既发生于个人与个人之间,也发生于代表个人的各色集团之间。国家是相对较大的人类集团。国家与国家间的所谓外交行为,其实也是人类交换行为之一。人际交往行为所遵循的潜规则,也会很自然地影响到集团乃至国家间的交往。对于一个无政府状态下的国际社会而言,文化潜规则对各个国家对外交往行为的影响更是不容忽视。日本政府对待"河野谈话"出尔反尔的态度,比较有代表性地反映了日本文化中的潜规则对其外交决策的影响。

On the Influence of Unspoken Rules of Culture on Japanese Diplomatic Decisions

Every culture has its own interpersonal rules, explicit or latent. Explicit rules emphasize rationality and formal rules, but unspoken rules emphasize emotions, relationships and informal rules. As a kind of interpersonal rules, unspoken rules are also in essence rules of exchange. Social exchange behavior occurs not only between individuals, but also between various groups representing individuals. Countries are relatively large groups of humans. In fact, the so-called diplomatic behavior between countries is a human exchange behavior. The unspoken rules of interpersonal behavior will naturally affect the communication between groups and even between countries. For an anarchic international society, the influence of unspoken rules of culture on diplomatic behavior in different countries cannot be ignored. Japanese government’s attitude towards "the Kono Statement" typically reflects the influence of Japanese unspoken rules of culture on its diplomatic decisions.