日本和德国长期护理保险制度比较及其借鉴

日本和德国是发展长期护理社会保险制度的典型代表。基于静动态比较方法,以制度框架为切入点,对两国制度中的参保范围、管理体制、筹资方式、费用负担、服务内容等11个方面比较分析,并围绕“有限资金提供有效服务”的核心问题,以动态视角重点跟踪和剖析两国制度发展过程中的基金收支和服务质量体系改革,从而为中国长期护理保险制度的顶层设计提出构建“从无到有”、范围“从小到大”、水平“从低到高”、质量“从有到优”的建议原则。

Comparison of Long-term Care Insurance System in Japan and Germany and Implications for China

As the typical representatives,Japan and Germany have established long-term care insurance system. Based on the comprehensive comparative analysis,this paper compares eleven aspects of the system in the two countries,such as the scope of insurance,management system,funding and cost and provision of services. Meanwhile,from the dimension of dynamic state,this paper tracks and analyzes the system reform and development process in the two aspects: income and pay-out,service quantity and quality. Finally, this paper recommends one main principle for the establishment of long-term care in China in the future: from zero to one in construction,from small to large in scope,from low to high in level,from good to better in quality.