康德论哲学与神学的关系

康德因以理性解释宗教而受到普鲁士当局警告,他在沉默数年之后公开真相,并集中讨论哲学与神学的关系。康德认为,政府为控制国民的思想而关注神学的学说,同时神学的根源不是理性,而是《圣经》,因此政府要求可以对神学学说有审核的权利。而哲学的根源是理性,理性是自由的思维,因此哲学是自由的,只服从理性的立法而不服从政府的立法。同时,由于神学在形成自己的学说时利用了理性,并且有真理的诉求,而真理却必须建立在理性之上,因此,以理性为惟一权威的哲学还有权利、义务和自由对神学学说做出自己的评判。

Kant's Exposition on the Relationship between Philosophy and Theology

Because of his reasonable interpretation of religion,Kant was warned by Prussian government and several years later,he told the truth and discussed mainly about the relationship between philosophy and theology.Kant held that the government paid attention to theology in order to control people's mind,and since theology based not on reason but on the Bible so the government demanded for the right to verify theology.However,philosophy based on reason,which was a free thinking so philosophy was free and obeyed only to legislation of reason rather than of government.Meanwhile,since theology used reason in forming its theories and appealed to truth which must base on reason,philosophy with reason as its only authority made its own judgment of theology together with right,duty and freedom.