扫描电镜/能谱观察溺死和死后入水的法医学应用研究

目的探讨扫描电镜/能谱分析在溺死的法医学鉴定中的作用。方法实验选用20例已知生前入水尸体,11例已知的死后入水尸体和2例陆地死亡尸体。在每个肺叶各取3个切面,每个切面用扫描电镜取样台胶面与肺叶的切面充分接触,另在落水地点取水样一份,进行对比。扫描电镜取样台胶在切面上充分接触后封闭取材盒,真空干燥后,直接在扫描电镜下进行观察。结果20例生前入水尸体在肺组织中均检出异物颗粒,并且与对照水样中检出的异物颗粒相吻合;而死后入水的尸体和在陆地上死亡的尸体肺组织中均未检出明显的异物颗粒,3者比较P<0.0001。在肺组织支气管切面中,生前入水的20例中有15例检出异物颗粒,在边缘肺切面及中间切面中分别有13例检出异物颗粒,统计学无明显差异。结论本实验建立的肺脏内异物颗粒取材方法准确可靠实用。对综合判断案件的性质,判断溺死尸体入水地点的具有积极意义。较好地解决了实验室检验中的污染问题。腐败尸体对检测结果无影响。

A study on foreign granule of lung in drowning by scanning electron microscope and X-ray spectrum

Objective To investigate the usefulness of electron microscope/X-ray energy spectrometer in the diagnosis of drowning.Methods 20 cases of drowning,11 cases of corpses that were put into water after death and 2 cases of corpses that were dead on the land were selected in this study.The foreign granules were taken with the stub that were used to take the gunpowder residues.The samples were analyzed with scanning electron microscope and X-ray energy spectrometer.The water taken at the submerge region was selected as the control sample.Results Foreign granules were found in all the 20 cases of drowning,and were coincidence with that found in the controlled water.No foreign granules were found in any of the cases in the other two groups.The foreign granules found in different cross sections of the lung had no difference.Conclusion Foreign granules could be a diagnosis indicator as drowning,and elements analysis can deduce the submerge region.This study provides a scientific evidence for diagnosing drowning.The decomposition of the corpses has no effect on the results.