权利二重性:解读农民自杀问题的一个视角

权利二重性是理解30年来农民自杀率变迁逻辑及其区域差异现象的重要理论视角。其中,权利启蒙论认为,分田到户以来,市场改变了资源的代际分配结构,农民的权利意识不断被启蒙,农民的行为逻辑逐渐从义务本位向权利本位转变,从而引发了农民家庭权力结构和家庭伦理秩序的适应性调整,使农民自杀现象在社会转型期得以凸显。权利规约论认为,农民的权利表达一旦失去有效的规约机制,就有可能在农村社会形成不利于老年人的自杀秩序;而如果能够得到村庄内部结构性力量的有效规约,农民代际之间的权利与义务关系就会在新的水平上达成均势状态,农民的自杀率随之就会出现明显的下降现象。

Duality of Rights:A Perspective to Interpret the Suicide Problem of Farmers

Duality of rights is an important theoretical perspective to understand the logic of farmers’ suicide rate change in the past 30 years and its regional differences.Thereinto,the theory of Rights Enlightenment considers that since assigning the farmland to every family and the market has changed the structure of intergenerational distribution of resources,the awareness of farmers’rights continues to be enlightened,and the behavior logic of farmers gradually transforms from obligations standard to rights standard,which triggers adaptation of power structure and ethical order in farmers’family,so that farmers suicides can be highlighted during social transition.While the theory of Right Constraint considers that if the right expression loses an effective constraint mechanism,it is possible to form the suicide order,which is disadvantaged for elderly in the rural society.If it can be constrained effectively by the structural forces of the villages,the relationship of intergenerational rights and obligations of farmers will reach a new balance,and the suicide rate of farmers will reduce significantly.