英美刑法中的近因判断及其启示

在英美刑法中,近因判断是在事实原因判断之后对结果可否归属于行为所进行的规范性判断,本质上是一个基于价值判断的归责过程,是因果关系判断的核心问题。"可预见性标准"是近因判断的核心标准,它彰显了公平正义的价值理念,不仅具有教义学上的可操作性,而且还具有能够容纳价值判断和政策选择的灵活性和开放性。英美刑法在因果关系判断中区分归因与归责,将归责判断归属于因果关系范畴和以"可预见性标准"作为归责判断的核心标准,值得我们在刑法因果关系理论重构中借鉴。

Introduction and Its Enlightenment of Judgment of Proximate Cause in Anglo-American Criminal Law

In Anglo-American criminal law,judgment of proximate cause which is taken after judgment of factual cause is a kind of normative judgment. It is basically a process of imputation based on value judgment,and is the core problem of causation. "Foreseeability test"is the basic criterion for judgment of proximate cause. This test highlights the value concept of fairness and justice. It not only has operability in sense of dogmatics of law,but also has flexibility and openness which can comprise value judgment and policy choice. In causation judgment,Anglo-American criminal law differentiates attribution and imputation,putting imputation in category of causation,and treating"foreseeability test" as the basic criterion of imputation. These are worth our learning in reconstruction of criminal law causation theory.