试析法律在联合国集体安全体制中的作用

法律是构建联合国集体安全体制中的重要工具,《联合国宪章》中有关集体安全的规定一定程度上保障了集体安全体制的成功。根据《联合国宪章》的有关规定,集体安全法即在禁止使用武力原则(第2条第4款)的基础上,对和平的威胁、违反或侵略行为采取行动的强制规范(第7章措施)。在充分吸取国联集体安全失败教训的基础上,《联合国宪章》不仅使联合国集体安全体制的政治基础法律化,同时又给予集体安全体制以更多的法律特征。体现各国政治意愿的国家利益与法并非完全矛盾,《联合国宪章》对于武力使用的严格限制正是法维护国际社会每一个成员国家利益的重要反映,集体安全体制中既有法律规则、也体现了政治现实。尽管现存集体安全体制还存在法规不完善等问题,但实践的发展明确要求法律作用的强化,以推动联合国改革朝着更加规则化的方向发展。

On the Role of Law in the UN Collective Security System

Law is an important tool in creating the UN collective security system.To some extent,the related rules in the UN Charter guarantee the success of the UN collective security system.According to the UN Charter,the UN collective security law consists of the compulsory rules of activities taken against the threat,isolation of peace or invasion(Chapter VII) on the basis of the principle of prohibition of use of force by states(Article 2.4).The UN Charter not only makes the political basis of the collective security system legalized,but gives more legal characteristics to the collective security system.It isn't absolutely different between the interests of states and law,the severe restrictions to the use of force in the UN Charter just reflects the common interests of all member states.So there are legal rules the same as political realities in the collective security system.Though the rules of the collective security system are imperfect,the effect of law should be reinforced to urge the reform of the UN in a more rules-oriented direction.