我国商业银行破产法律制度初探

我国《企业破产法》规定包括银行在内的金融机构破产可划分为清算前和清算两个阶段。在清算前阶段,银行监管机构会通过各种救助措施,以避免尚有挽救希望的银行破产。只有当救助无望时,破产银行才会进入破产清算,但在清算程序中应尽量减少损失和避免社会震荡。因此,从银行破产界限和理念角度出发,我国商业银行破产应当从特殊保护主义过渡到以重整为核心的破产预防主义,以破产重整和存款保险为支柱,以社会福利最大化为目标,同时兼顾社会秩序。

On Legal System of Bankruptcy of Commercial Banks

The Enterprise Bankruptcy Law provides that bankruptcy of financial institutions including banks contains prior to liquidation and liquidation.In prior to liquidation,the bank regulator would avoid bankruptcy of banks for hope through all kinds of relief measures.Only the failed bank has bankruptcy liquidation without deliverance hope,but losses are minimized and social turbulence is avoided as far as possible in liquidation proceedings.Therefore,from limits and idea of bank bankruptcy standpoint,the bankruptcy of commercial banks in China should transit from specific protectionism to doctrine of bankruptcy prevention with the core of reorganization,bertopang reorganization and deposit insurance,aim at maximizing social welfare,and meanwhile give consideration to social order.