论行政行为作为民事诉讼先决问题之解决——从行政行为的效力差异进行分析

如果对某一民事诉讼案件的解决有赖于行政行为效力问题的先行解决,该行政行为就成为了民事诉讼的先决问题。而行政行为又可作无效行政行为和其他非无效行政行为的区分,其他非无效行政行为还可分为形式审查的行政行为和实质审查的行政行为。不同类型行政行为效力上的差异对于在民事诉讼中能否直接裁判行政行为这一先决问题是具有重要意义的。我国民事诉讼在涉及行政行为先决问题时,应当以行政行为的效力差异为基础,遵循公、私法二元化原则和民事、行政审判组织的职能分工,对于无效行政行为,民事审判可以直接宣告其无效后再就民事争议作出裁判;对于形式审查的行政行为,民事审判可以评判其内容的真实性,但不得宣告该行政行为违法或者予以撤销;对于实质审查的行政行为,则应当先中止民事诉讼,由有关行政机关或者行政审判庭解决其效力问题后再恢复民事诉讼。

On the Administrative Action as a Prerequisite Issue of Civil Litigation

When the settlement of a civil law suit depends on an administrative action' s availability, the administrative action becomes the prerequisite of the civil case. Administrative action can be divided into avoid and not - avoid. The not - avoid administrative action can be divided into formal examination ones and substantial examination ones. Their availability is different.To resolve the prerequisite of the civil suit,we should obey the rule of dualization of civil law and public law and division of procedure , based on differences in administrative action's availability.In details, for formal examination administrative action, it' s factuality can be judged in civil procedure, but the action can't be avoided or cancelled in this procedure; for substantial examination administrative action, the civil procedure should be stopped and restart till the availability of the administrative action is settled by administrative agency or by administrative judicial court through administrative litigation procedure.