穿越公私法分界线:自然资源国家所有权委托行使模式

基于我国自然资源自身的特点和自然资源国家所有权行使的实际情况,统一代表行使+委托行使模式成为重构自然资源国家所有权行使模式的现实选择,大体呈现出代表行使—统一代表行使—委托行使的层级结构。委托行使模式作为代表行使特别是国务院统一代表行使的具体实现方式,以集中统一行使为前提,以将国家所有权界定为私法所有权和实现国家所有权行使与监管权行使的真正分离为基础,横跨公私法两个疆域。委托行使在法律上的实现不仅要求国家所有权穿越公私法的分界线到达私法所有权的彼岸,而且需要使委托关系超越公私法律关系,成为一种新型法律关系。委托行使模式目前可通过委托协议来建立,将来应当通过自然资源特别法完成相应法律构建。

Crossing the Boundary of Public and Private Law:The Entrusted Mode of State Ownership of Natural Resources

Given the characteristics of China’s natural resources and the reality of the exercise of state ownership,the State Council’s unified representativeness and entrusted mode have become the realistic choice to reconstruct the exercise mode of state ownership,whose hierarchical structure are as follows:from representative mode,unified representative mode to entrusted mode.The entrusted mode,as a concrete way to realize the representative mode and the unified representative mode by the State Council,interrelates public law and private law,not only on the premise of centralized and unified exercise,but also on the basis of regarding the state ownership as private law ownership,as well as distinguishing state ownership and supervision power.To realize the entrusted mode institutionally requires not only state ownership to combine public and private law and transform into an ownership in the sense of private law,but also the entrusted mode to surpass the public-private law and transform into a new legal relationship.Currently,this model can be established through entrust agreement,and its institutional construction should be completed through specific law in the future.