正当利益条款的中国法构造——基于《民法典》第998条

正当利益条款为纷繁复杂的价值及利益冲突留下必要的缓和空间,这对数字经济的发展尤为重要。通过构建"抖音案"的请求权规范链条可以发现,《民法典》及《个人信息保护法》关于个人信息处理行为的合法性基础的直接规定难以容纳个体性商业利益,有必要确立正当利益条款。作为对侵害非物质性人格权责任认定的一般规定,《民法典》第998条与正当利益条款在功能上具有一致性,而且在内容上互为补充,由此即可形成我国的正当利益条款。落实到个案裁判,应区分价值及利益冲突与具体考量因素两个层次,并注重二者之间的密切联系,通过权衡方法达致更为合乎理性的结论。借此,不仅能重构和修正"抖音案"的裁判理由,而且能完整呈现正当利益条款的中国法构造。

The Construction of the Legitimate Interest Clause Under Chinese Law:Based on Article 998 of Civil Code

A legitimate interest clause leaves the necessary space for mitigating the complex conflicts among different values and interests,which is particularly significant for the development of the digital economy.By building the normative basis for the claims discussed in the Douyin-Case it is not difficult to find that the direct provisions on legal basis in Civil Code and Personal Information Protection Law cannot accommodate individual commercial interests,and it is necessary to establish a novel legitimate interest clause in Chinese law.As a general provision for the determination of liability for infringement of non-material personal rights,Article 998 of Civil Code is functionally consistent with the legitimate interest clause,and they complement each other in content,thus forming the legitimate interest clause under Chinese Law.In the case of individual cases judgment,it is necessary to distinguish the level of conflicts of values and interests and the level of specific considerations,pay attention to the close relationship between them,and reach a rational conclusion through balancing.Such analysis not only can reconstruct and amend the reasoning of the Douyin-Case,but also can fully present the construction of the legitimate interest clause under Chinese law.