环境刑事责任构成要件理论研究的突破与发展综述

出于保护全体社会成员的环境权益和改善大多数人社会福利的功利主义目的 ,许多国家已经承认了法人甚至单位犯罪的环境刑事责任主体理论和无过错或严格环境刑事责任理论。在环境刑事责任客体理论方面 ,世界各国主要采用环境要素说、社会管理制度说、环境权说和复合权利说等学说。在我国 ,社会管理制度说目前在理论上比较成熟 ,在实践中也可行。在预防优先和注重社会公平原则的指导下 ,行为犯、危险犯和因果关系推定理论等客观方面的理论被引入到了一些国家的环境刑事责任领域

General Account of the Breakthrough and Development of theResearch on the Theory of Requisites to Constitute Environmental Criminal Liability

With a utilitarianistic goal of protecting the environmental rights and interests of all the members in the society and improving the social welfare of the majority,many countries have acknowleged the subject theory of environmental criminal liability for the crime of legal person,even unit,and the theory of no_fault or strict environmental criminal liability.In the aspect of subject theory of environmental criminal liability,the main theories,such as theory of environmental elements,theory of social management system,theory of environmental rights,and theory of complex right,are adopted all over the world.In our country the theory of social managenent system,now,is relatively ripe theoretically and feasible in practice.Under the guidance of the principles,"prevention first"and "social justice,"the object theories,such as behavorial offense, potential damage offense and causality reasoning,are introduced to the field of environmental crimimal liability in some countries.