西方国家“轻轻重重”两极化刑事政策评介

20世纪70年代以来,西方国家开始出现了两极化的刑事政策,其不仅体现在刑事实体立法之中,而且体现在刑事诉讼程序及刑事执行等动态运行的全过程之中.刑之谦抑的要求与犯罪高压态势之矛盾促成了两极化刑事政策的生成;调和刑罚报应目的与预防目的的综合刑论是两极化刑事政策的理论基石;刑法保护机能和保障机能之平衡是调整刑事政策的基准和杠杆;犯罪学研究的成果为两极化刑事政策提供了合理的理论支撑.

Review of the Polarized Criminal Policy in the Western Countries

Since 1970s,the polarized criminal policy has been on in the western countries,which is not only reflected in the criminal legislation,but also in the criminal procedure law and criminal enforcement.The polarized criminal policy is created to meet the challenge of contradiction between the modest nature of penalty and the rising trend of crime frequency.The doctrine of integrated penalty,which combines the retributive and preventive objectives of criminal penalty,paves the theoretical way for the polarized criminal policy.The goal of adapting the criminal policy is to balance the function of social protection and human right safeguard of the criminal law.The research achievements in the field of criminology provide the polarized criminal policy with reasonable theoretical support.