Global Clusters in Municipal E-Governance: A Longitudinal Study

This research focuses on the trends in municipal e-governance among large municipalities based on a worldwide survey in 2011. The study replicates previous surveys conducted every other year since 2003 and the longitudinal assessment analyzes specific features of municipal websites. This paper examines these longitudinal trends in terms of four different clusters: 1) digitally mature cities, 2) digitally moderate cities, 3) digitally minimal cities, and 4) digitally marginal cities, and identifies the best practices among them. There were significant changes in the top ranking cities, with Seoul, Toronto, Madrid, Prague, and Hong Kong representing the highest level in e-governance.