美国无效辩护制度及其启示

无效辩护制度是有效辩护制度良好运行的必要保障。通过对美国无效辩护制度的考察，可以看到，无效辩护制度在一定程度上提高了刑事辩护的质量。我国辩护制度运行状况堪忧，委托辩护质量不高，指定辩护在司法实践中流于形式。就目前情况看，在所有案件中借鉴无效辩护制度的时机还不成熟，而率先在死刑案件的审判过程中，将无效辩护制度应用于委托辩护与指定辩护，不仅可行，而且紧急。但是，因为司法传统以及刑事诉讼制度的差异，对于无效辩护的判断标准、证明责任、救济程序、律师责任的承担等，我国应采取不同于美国的思路。

On Ineffective Assistance of Counsel Applied in the US and Its Inspiration to China

Ineffective assistance of counsel serves as the necessary guarantee for the proper operation of the system of solid defense.Through studying the ineffective assistance of counsel in the United States,one may find that it has,to some extent,improved the quality of criminal defense.Looking at situation in China,our defense system does not work well,the quality of attained advocate is poor and appointed counsel exists almost in name only.Taking all these into consideration,the author does not think that it is ripe to introduce ineffective assistance of counsel in all cases.Nevertheless,the author believes that it is not only feasible but also imperative to introduce ineffective assistance of counsel in situation of attained advocate and appointed counsel in cases involving death penalty in China.Due to differences existed in judicial tradition and criminal proceedings between China and the US.,China should adopt different approach in terms of criteria of ineffective assistance of counsel,burden of proof,remedy procedure and lawyer’s liability.