民事责任归责原则新论——过错推定规则的演进:现代归责原则的发展

在民事责任归责原则的确定上,必须首先对“归责原则”与“归责标准”、归责与免责事由这两对范畴的基本关系进行厘定。这是正确认识民事责任归责体系的前提。无论是违约还是侵权行为,我国民事责任的归责原则都是一元的,即过错责任原则,严格责任仍属于过错责任,而其他补充性归责标准不能构成归责原则。过错责任需要依据过错推定规则才能确定,过错推定规则的演进代表了现代归责原则的发展。

New Textual Research on Principle of Liability——the development trend of fault-liability

To identify the principle of liability,we should distinguish "principle of liability" from "criterion of liability",and decide on the relationship between criterion of liability and limitation of liability,which are two premises to make out the system of criteria of liability thoroughly.Whether the principle of breach in Contract Code of PRC or the principle of liability in torts law,the author argues that fault-liability is the unique principle of liability,and strict liability is categorized as fault-liability,but no-fault liability the criterion of liability.Three species of presumed-fault,which embodies the principle of liability,represent the development trend of the principle of liability in the contemporary civil law.