我国不同级别公务员心理契约的差异性分析

重点研究了我国政府中行政管理部门的公务员心理契约问题,主要目的是了解公务员心理契约所包含的要素、不同级别公务员对这些要素的重视程度和建立公务员的心理契约结构模型.在两轮问卷调查的基础上,明确了组织与公务员之间相互期望的各10个要素.利用t统计检验,表明不同级别公务员对期望要素的认识有显著的差别.应用因子分析方法,建立了公务员心理契约的结构模型,该模型显示组织与公务员之间双向心理契约共包含了8个主要方面.研究的主要结论是:盈利组织的心理契约与非盈利组织的心理契约之间的差异是明显的,不同级别的公务员对心理契约中的要素重要性认识程度是不同的.我国各级公务员(从科员到厅局级)主要将敬业精神、诚实忠诚、职业前景和公平公正待遇放在心理契约要素的最重要位置上,而物质激励则处于次位.政府中的创新动力主要来自领导层面,而较低级别的公务员创新动力不足.这些研究结果对政府各级组织建立公平、透明的运作机制具有参考价值.同时为设计相应的激励制度提供了新的视角.最后提出了我国公务员心理契约需要进一步研究的问题.

Analyzing Psychological Contract of Civil Servants at Different Government Positions in China

The main purposes of the paper are to ascertain the factors including psychological contracts of civil servants in government administration section,identify civil servants' attitude to the factors at different government positions and determine psychological contract structure model.Based on questionnaire survey and statistical analysis,this paper abstracts some expected requirements of Chinese civil servants and government.The psychological contract is bi-direction between government ant its civil servants,which consists of both ten government's requirements to civil servants and ten civil servants' requirements to government.Abstracted by principal component analysis,the psychological contract structure model includes eight aspects and the results show that there are great differences between psychological contracts of profit organization and nonprofit organization and there are some gaps on the importance of the expected requirements between government and its civil servants.Investigation also shows that professional spirit,faithfulness,occupational foreground and treatment equally are considered more importantly by Chinese civil servants at different positions in their psychological contracts.Besides,the innovation impetus is mainly from government leaders and by contrast general civil servants lack innovation impetus.Those results can supply new views for government to design a fair and transparent mechanism and to arrange encouragement policy of civil servants.Finally,this paper ends with some concluding remarks and forward issues.