特留份制度之伦理价值分析

特留份制度的设置建基于法定继承人的亲属身份关系,其目的在于维护亲属身份的伦理价值,保护一定范围近亲属的继承期待权,从而维护家庭的稳定,实现家庭养老育幼的职能。我国现行继承法规定的必继份制度的内容过于原则且缺乏可操作性,没有充分体现继承法所应蕴涵的伦理价值,应当改必继份制度为特留份制度。修订与亲属身份密切相关的继承法,既要遵循财产法的规则,保护公民个人财产的所有权,保护其处分财产的自由权,也要考虑亲属身份的特殊属性,考虑人情、伦理以及传统习俗。

Ethical Value of Forced Heirship

Forced heirship is mainly based on the heir’s kinship with the deceased the purpose of which is to maintain the ethical value of kinship,protect to some extent the expectancy of inheritance of close relatives,conserve family stability and ensure a family’s exercising its maintenance function.The "compulsory heirship" in China’s existing inheritance law,while failing to imply the ethical value of law,seems too rigid to be applied in practice.So it should be changed into forced heirship.While amending inheritance law closed related to kinship,we should,apart from complying with property law to protect the ownership and free disposition of individual property,take into account the special character of kinship,human sensibilities,ethics and traditional customs.