小额诉讼救济机制比较研究——兼评新修改的《民事诉讼法》有关小额诉讼一审终审制的规定

2012年8月31日新修改的《民事诉讼法》对小额诉讼规定了一审终审制,比较世界各国有关小额诉讼的立法规定,这一规定的科学性与合理性是值得研究的。在有关小额诉讼程序的立法设置中,基于权利救济的需要,以及不同的救济思想与立法目的,某些国家和地区设置了诸如"动议"、"特殊上诉"、"裁判异议"等多种救济方式。这些不尽相同的救济方式,不仅类型各异,而且从救济机制的角度上看也存在较大差异。我国有关小额诉讼救济机制的设置,从缩短诉讼时间、减少诉讼环节以及方便当事人诉讼等角度考虑,应当采用类似于"裁判异议"的立法规定形式与救济方式。

Remedial Mechanism in Small Claim Action: On the One-tiered Trial System for Small Claim Action in the Newly Revised Civil Procedural Law

The one-tiered trial system was established by the Civil Procedural Law which was revised on August 31,2012.A comparison of the legislations about small claim actions in other countries show that whether this new system is scientific and reasonable is worth studying.In terms of procedural law related to small claim actions,owing to different demands of remedy and out of a varied remedial thoughts and legislative aims,a variety of remedial models can be found all over the world such as motion,special appeal,dissenting opinion,etc.,some of which vary a great deal in respect of their of mechanism.In consideration of time consuming,litigant friendly and litigation formality reduction,China should in her law provide for remedial ways such as dissenting opinion while setting up remedial mechanism for small claim action.