土地用途管制下的开发权交易——基于指标流转实践的分析

我国土地用途管制的特色之一是其年度用地指标分配政策。为了获得更多用地指标,地方政府在实践中创造了多种类型的指标流转方式,这与国外的开发权交易相差不大。无论是为了平衡土地用途管制所导致的土地权利人之间的利益失衡,还是为了化解当前的土地争议,抑或化解耕地保护与用地需求之间的矛盾、促进城乡统筹发展,我国都有必要构建包括实地开发权、转用开发权、市地开发权在内的开发权交易制度,让土地权利人成为最终的交易主体,通过市场来发现各类开发权的价格。

Transfer of Right to Development under Land Utilization Regulation: Based on Quota Exchange

One of the striking features of land utilization regulation in China is to allot land-use quota per year.To obtain more quotas,local governments in practice permit all kinds of quota exchange that are similar to exchange of right to development in foreign countries.Whether it is to balance land-use control and land-users’ interest or to prevent land disputes and facilitate a coordinated urban-rural development,China must set up a system to trade right to development including first-hand development right,second-hand development right and urban land development right.Land owners and users are the ultimate traders and the value of right to development will be determined through market transactions.