刑法方法论与司法逻辑

从程序法、证据学以及司法改革的角度切入错案防止问题是必要的,但实体法也应该为减少错案贡献自身力量。合理的刑事实体法理论,必须考虑方法论的合理性,必须考虑司法规律、司法逻辑,必须有助于解决某些司法难题,以最终实现人权保障的目标。以刑法为切入点,要防止错案,最为根本的是要坚持刑法客观主义立场。在这一立场指导下,形成客观优先、分层次判断、实质判断的刑法方法论及相应的司法逻辑。刑法基本立场、刑法方法论、刑事司法逻辑三者之间应该具有内在统一性。为此,有必要对我国犯罪构成四要件说进行改造,确立客观要素在犯罪论体系中的核心地位和优先性,将传统上的主观判断尽可能还原为客观判断,并建构判断主观要素的"客观标准",建构阶层的犯罪论体系。蕴含在新的理论构造背后的刑法基本立场、刑法方法论作为一种观念形象,对于合理的司法逻辑的形成必定会发挥积极影响。

Criminal Methodology and Judicial Logic

While it is necessary to tackle the problem of wrong sentence from the perspective of procedural law,evidence and judicial reform,substantive law is indeed of the same importance in prevention of wrong sentence.An adequate theoretic framework of criminal substantive law must compose of rationality of methodology and judicial regularity and logic,conduce to settling certain judicial conundrums,and ultimately reach the target of human rights protection.To prevent wrong sentence,we must hold a position of criminal objectivism with which criminal methodology and relevant judicial logic will be cultivated.An inherent consistency and uniformity exists in respect of the basic position of criminal law,criminal methodology and criminal justice logic.As such,the four-element-of-crime theory popular in China is required to be improved so as to establish the central and prior position of the objective elements in the structure of criminology and change the original decision based on subjectivism into decision on objectivism,which will inevitably exert positive impact upon the formation of rational judicial logic.