我国民事诉讼领域有关鉴定的问题与对策

“鉴定乱”的形成原因之一在于我国民事诉讼鉴定制度采用辅助法官判断能力和充实当事人诉讼攻击防御方法的双重目的之设计,其在现行司法鉴定体制下是一种合理性存在.具有增强当事人对抗性辩论功能的“鉴定乱”不仅没有对我国民事审判制度目标的实现造成实质性危害,反而有可能促进我国民事审判制度目标的实现.当下,我国民事诉讼鉴定制度存在的主要问题是缺乏对当事人辩论权进行有效性保护,以及因民事审判公信力不足而导致当事人对鉴定意见为认定事实基础的判决缺乏信赖.固然造成鉴定制度产生上述问题还有鉴定机构水平参差不齐、鉴定设备限制、鉴定技术标准不统一,鉴定人能力差异等原因,但建立平等、透明、公正的凝聚共识型民事诉讼鉴定制度更是当下亟需研究的重要课题,这也是研究的核心内容.

Problems and Countermeasures Regarding Appraisal in Civil Procedure

One of the reasons leading to the ＂chaos of appraisal＂ is that the appraisal in civil litigation has two purposes： to help judges in making determinations and to enhance the litigants＇ attack or defense. It is rational in the current forensic system. The ＂chaos of appraisal＂ has not caused substantial harm to the goals of the civil trial system; on the contrary, it is likely to pro- mote the realization of the goals of the civil trial system. At present, the problems of appraisal in civil procedure are the lack of protection to the right of debate, and the lack of trust in the judgment based on appraisal opinions and insufficient credibility of the civil trial. Though there are other reasons such as uneven competence of forensic units and experts, limited equipment, and non-uniform standards, to establish an equal,transparent and impartial appraisal system is a more significant task for us.