妨害作证罪疑难问题的法教义学解析——以369份刑事判决书为研究起点

对近两年司法实务判决书的实证分析,能够揭示妨害作证罪司法适用现状及其中亟待解决的理论问题。关于行为主体范围问题,因为犯罪嫌疑人、被告人不指使他人作伪证的行为是具备期待可能性的,故犯罪嫌疑人、被告人能够作为妨害作证罪的主体。关于行为类型问题,客观方面通过对罪状中"等方法"所指涉的"引诱"进行限制解释,"等方法"应当与"暴力、威胁、贿买"具有等置性;主观方面通过目的解释和体系解释,可以将"陷害自己"这一主观目的排除在妨害作证罪之外。关于犯罪形态问题,妨害作证罪是具体危险犯,可以借鉴"规范的结果性危险理论"认定具体危险犯的既遂。

Research on Critical Issues of Obstruction of Witnessing: from the Perspective of Rechtsdogmatik Starting from 369 Criminal Judgements

Based on the empirical analysis of the judicial judgments in the last two years,the article reveals the current situation of the judicial application of obstruction of witnessing and the urgent theoretical problems to be solved.As for the scope of the subject of the crime,it is possible for the suspect or the defendant not to instigate others to commit perjury,so the suspect or the defendant can be the subject of obstruction of witnessing.For types of behaviors,on one hand,the objective aspect of obstruction of witnessing is illustrated by limited explanation about"seduce"related to"equivalent behaviors"in this crime,considering that"equivalent behaviors"should be equivalent to"violence,threat,bribery";on the other hand,the subjective aspect of obstruction of witnessing is explained through the purpose interpretation and system analysis,thus excluding such subjective purpose as"setting oneself up"from obstruction of witnessing.As for the issue of crime pattern,first,obstruction of witnessing is clearly regarded as a concrete danger crime,and thus it is suggested to identify the accomplishment of the concrete danger crime by referring to the"normative consequential danger theory".