经济学的演变和发展--对理性主义的回顾与反思

霍布斯宣扬赤裸裸的利己主义,斯密则把个人的自利行为纳入经济学的分析框架内,但他对理性的理解掺杂着道德、历史和文化诸因素.新古典经济学把理性变成最大化价值的代名词,这对一贯强调历史对人类行为重要性的马歇尔是痛苦的.尽管对经济学理性主义的批判由来已久,但贝克尔、诺斯等人的努力开始了经济学理性主义的扩张."囚徒困境"是对理性主义的致命一击,如何化解这种冲突成为经济学发展的关键.对经济学理性主义的回顾与反思表明,在坚持成本收益分析的基础上,必须重回古典,这是经济学演变和发展的方向.

The Evolution and Development of Economics --Retrospect and Reflection on Rationalism

Hobbes preached undisguised egoism. It is Smith who first brought systematically the self interest motive and private action into the framework of economic analysis, but his understanding of ration was influenced by the factors of morality, history and culture. Neo-classical economics makes ration the substitution of the maximum value, but it is anguish for Marshall who persistently emphasizes the importance of history on human behavior. Despite much criticism about economic rationalism long ago, Becker, North and other scholars' efforts started the expansion of rationalism. "Prisoner's Dilemma" was the lethal strike on rationalism. The solution to this dilemma becomes the key element in the development of economics. The retrospect and reflection on the rationalism of economics suggests that the evolution and development of economics must, based on cost benefit analysis, move back to classical economics.