刑事政策与功能主义的刑法体系

在刑事政策与刑法体系的关系处理上,存在分离模式与贯通模式两种类型。我国当前的处理方式应归入分离模式,该模式的缺陷在于,不仅教义学理论的构建缺乏刑事政策上的目标指引,而且刑事政策的运作可能突破教义学的体系性逻辑。为克服这种缺陷,我国有必要改采贯通模式,将刑事政策的目的性设定与法教义学的构建相贯通。功能主义的刑法体系能够合理地解决体系的自主性与应变性之间的紧张关系,它使得犯罪论的构建不再以应罚性作为主导,而以需罚性作为主导,由此重塑犯罪阶层体系。刑法体系的功能化发展,易于对法的客观性与统一性形成冲击,并对个体自由的保障构成威胁。这样的危险根源于其方法论上的目的性思维。因此,有必要构建一种二元性的规制框架,即通过刑法教义学的内部控制与合宪性的外部控制来实现对功能主义刑法体系的正当性控制。

Criminal Policy and Functionalist Criminal Law System

In dealing with the relationship between criminal policy and criminal law system, there are two types of modes: separation mode and penetration mode. The current treatment mode in China should be classified as the separation model, whose drawback is that not only does the construction of doctrinal theory lack objective guidance in criminal policy, but the operation of criminal policy may break the systematic logic of doctrinal theory. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing processing methods, it is necessary for our country to adopt the penetration mode, and connect the purpose setting of criminal policy with the construction of legal dogmatics. The functionalist criminal law system can reasonably resolve the tension relationship between autonomy and adaptability in the system. It makes the construction of the theory of crime no longer dominated by punishability, but mainly by the need of punishment, thereby reshaping the criminal hierarchy system. The functional development of the criminal law system is prone to impact on the objectivity and unity of the law and pose a threat to the protection of individual freedom. This danger is rooted in its purposeful methodological thinking. Therefore, it is necessary to construct a dual regulatory framework, that is, to realize the legitimacy control of the functionalist criminal law system through the internal control of the dogmatics of criminal law and the external control of constitutionality.