立法扩张与司法限缩：刑法谦抑性的展开

由形式谦抑性与实质谦抑性的有机统一、立法谦抑性与司法谦抑性的动态均衡所决定,前置法备而刑事法不用或少用,刑事立法备而刑事司法不用或少用,这既非象征性刑法在我国发韧的表征,亦非积极刑法观在中国肇始的告白,而是以谦抑性为内核的传统刑法观之精义所在。由此决定,刑法谦抑性在我国刑法现代化进程中的实现之路在于刑事立法扩张与刑事司法限缩的并行不悖和张弛有度,前者以行政犯增设的犯罪化扩张和刑罚强度减弱的结构化调整为主线,后者则应致力于以下两条进路的展开:一是前置法定性与刑事法定量相统一的刑法适用解释对立法犯罪化之司法认定限缩;二是前置法优先处理原则与刑事法优先处理例外相结合的刑事案件办理模式的倡导。

Legislative Expansion and Judicial Restriction: The Expansion of the Modesty of Criminal Law

By the organic unification of formal and substantial modesty, and also by the dynamic balance between legislative and judicial using of penalty, the complete setting of prepositioning law with the restrained using of criminal law, or the full preparation and restrained use of criminal law, is neither indicating the growth of symbolic criminal law in China, nor declaring the start of the activism view over criminal law in China, but means the essential idea of traditional criminal law which takes modesty as a core value. Consequently, the road to modesty in the modernization of Chinese criminal law lies in the parallel running and perfect balancing of legislative expansion and judicial restraint. The legislative expansion focuses on enlarging the scale of crimes by adding administrative criminal rules and on the structural adjustment of the penalty system by lightening punishments. Meanwhile, the judicial restraint could be realized with the following two routes: The first is a normative restriction of the interpretation/adaption of penalty law;The second is the priority of adapting prepositioning law in dealing with criminal cases.