国家治理视阈中的“道德承认”原则

中国特色社会主义的依法治国不同于西方资本主义国家的依法治国,其根本区别是:西方资本主义国家的依法治国是以"契约论"为基础,目的是为了保护个体私有财产不受侵犯。而中国特色社会主义的依法治国是立足于公有制经济基础,超越了"资产阶级法权狭隘眼界",把"道德承认"作为国家治理视阈中的价值原则。"以德治国"具有内在客观性,而"依法治国"则具有外在客观性,两者必须相互扬弃对方的片面性而达成和解。"以德治国"需要在国家治理中确立"道德承认"原则,并把"道德承认"原则作为国家共同体的实体性存在论基础。所谓"道德承认"是指,在共同体中,每个个体都应该从至高无上的"善"的理念出发,而不仅仅是从保护个体财产不受侵犯的原则出发,来保证共同体具有绝对的存在论基础的基本理念。因此,"依法治国"不意味着取代"以德治国",而是要坚持两者相结合。"以德治国"提供的"道德承认"原则为"依法治国"提供了终极性价值支撑。

The Principle of “Moral Recognition” in The Perspective of National Governance

Rule by law under socialism with Chinese characteristics is different from it in western capitalist countries.The fundamental difference is that rule by law in western capitalist countries is based on the theory of contract, with the purpose to protect individual private property from encroachment. Rule by law under socialism with Chinese characteristics is based on the public sector of the economy, which goes beyond the narrow vision of bourgeois legal rights, and takes"moral recognition"as the value principle of national governance. "Governing the country by virtue"has inherent objectivity, while"governing the country by law"has external objectivity. The two sides reach a compromise through sublate each other’s one-sidedness."Governing the country by virtue "needs to establish the principle of "moral recognition"in national governance, and the principle of "moral recognition"should be taken as the substantive ontological basis of the national community. The so-called "moral recognition"means that in the community, each individual should start from the supreme concept of"good", not just from the principle of protecting individual property from infringement, so as to ensure that the community has an absolute ontological basis. Therefore,"governing the country by law"does not mean to replace"governing the country by virtue", but to adhere to the combination of the two. The principle of"moral recognition"provided by" governing the country by virtue "provides the ultimate value support for"governing the country by law ".