刑法的明确性问题:以《刑法》第225条第4项为例的分析

刑法的明确性是罪刑法定原则的基本内容之一,它对于罪刑法定司法化具有重要意义。本文以我国《刑法》第225条第4项为例,对我国刑法的明确性问题进行了深入的探讨。我国刑法中广泛存在空白罪状、罪量要素和兜底条款,我国刑法学界对于这些立法模式的明确性是存在争议的。空白罪状因为存在参照法规,只要参照法规是明确的,则应当认为并不违反明确性的要求。罪量要素虽然是概括性的规定,但它是把本来应当由司法机关行驶的裁量权由立法机关作出框架性的规定。因此,罪量要素也不违反明确性的要求。兜底条款则要具体分析,如果仅是对行为方法的兜底性规定并不违反明确性要求。但相对的兜底罪名以及对行为方式的兜底性规定则确实存在违反明确性之虞。我国采用司法解释方式对兜底性条款加以规定,这是具有中国特色的明确化的应因之道,但其中存在的问题仍然需要讨论解决。

On Some Problems of Definiteness within Criminal Law

The definiteness of criminal law is one of the basic elements of the principle of legality,which is significant for judicial application of this principle. This article makes a thorough inquiry into the problem of definiteness in Chinese criminal law by taking Article 225 Section 4 of Criminal Code as an example. In Chinese criminal law,there are extensive blank clauses,elements of amount and circumstances and bottommost clauses,over which Chinese scholars have much controversies. Since blank clauses are co...