制度问责化与问责制度化

制度是"秀才"和"兵"的结合。"秀才"是制度中的肯定性责任,它告诉人们"路在何方"。"兵"是制度中的否定性责任,它对误入歧途者进行问责。所有的制度,都需强化"兵"的存在,是"制度问责化"。"兵"也容易在情绪决策博弈中迷失方向。由此,需要设置更高位阶的制度,对位阶较低的"兵"予以监管,是"问责制度化"。要实现问责制度化,需在封闭原理的指引下,藉由制度中安排"兵","兵"上安排制度,层层递进,构成一个问责循环系统。从理论回归实践,人民问责权层面的制度、问责权层面的制度、管理权层面的制度,互相运作,形成了实践形态的问责循环系统。其中,只有诉诸制度建设和理性教育,促进管理权的常态监管和非常态监管,人民问责权作为问责循环系统的枢纽才能日趋牢固。

Accountability System and Institutionalized Accountability

Directing the construction of a justice society with reason is what is termed "rationalization of justice."The winning out of institution facilitating reason over emotion determining decision is what is termed "institutionalization of reason."Institution is the combination of the talent and the militia.The talent is related to affirmative responsibilities,telling people where the road is.The militia is about the negative responsibility,claiming responsibility from those gone astray.Every institution requires the existence of the militia,which is "accountability responsibility.The militia is also likely to get lost in the game of emotional decision- making.Institutions of a higher rank are to be established for this to supervise the militia of the lower rank.This is institutionalized accountability.For the realization of institutionalized accountability,efforts must be made,under the direction of closure theory,to construct an accountability circulation system,with arrangement of the militia in the system,and the system overlooking the militia from above,one layer facilitating another.Back from theory to practice,the joint operation of the institution from the level peoples' accountability powers,from the level of accountability mechanism and from the level of management institution constitutes a circulation system for accountability applicable in practice.Out of this,the accountability power of the people can only be consolidated on a daily basis in the circulation system by resorting to institutional construction and reason education to facilitate normal and random supervision of managing power.