犯罪构成四要件说的缺陷:实务考察

从实务的立场上看,在我国处于通说地位的犯罪构成"四要件说"存在诸多弊端:其只能静止地看待犯罪成立的条件,无法展示定罪过程,难以对行为从不同侧面、不同层次进行反复推敲和检验;容易根据形式判断得出结论;不重视法益保护的观念;过于重视行为人的意思;不能妥善处理共犯论的问题;难以实现积极的一般预防。为回应司法实务的需要,使对犯罪的认定更为精准,对"四要件说"进行"阶层化"改造乃是大势所趋。

Demerits of the Four Elements of Construction of Crime:An Operational Point of View

From the operational point of view,one can readily find the demerits of the doctrine of "four elements" of crime in the general part of China's criminal law:it merely considers the conditions of construction of crime with a static view and can hardly illustrates the process of criminalization,thus a behavior can hardly be inspected and determined from different sides and levels;a conclusion may be frivolously reached on formality-based judgment;it overlooks the notion of protection of legal rights;it pays too much emphasis on the intent of the actor;the issue concerning accomplices cannot be appropriately solved;and general active prevention can hardly be proceeded. To meet the requirement of judicial practice and criminalize the defendant accurately,we hold it a general trend that the doctrine of four elements should be modified "to some extent."