史官文化与中国文学民族性的确立

我国古代长期处在宗法式农业经济的社会形态里,史官文化的影响极其深远。这对中国文学的基本性质和发展行程起到了重要的定位作用,以致中国文学从观念到体制都体现了一种独特的民族性。一方面,史官文化以社会政教人伦为本位,崇尚立德保民,它在价值导向上规定了中国文学尤其注重政治教化功能。另一方面,由于史官文化自身的学术包容性,使得中国文学在发展过程中,始终处于文学与非文学因素相互交织的状态,形成了一种独特的杂文学体制。此外,史官文化还促成了中国文学所特有的文学史观的孕育和萌生,即将文学的历史发展与时代政治的兴衰密切联系起来考察,从史的角度追溯文学源流与圣王之道的关系,以确立文学的政治教化统绪。可以说,中国传统的文学、文学观、文学史观和文学体制,无不显现着史官文化理性精神的涵盖。

Culture of Official Historians and Establishment of the Nationality of Chinese Literature

Ancient China had long been in the social conformation of patriarchal agricultural economy, and the influence of the official historians' culture was far-flung. That importantly oriented the basic features of Chinese literature and its developing course; hence, Chinese literature demonstrated a unique nationality from its conceptions to systems. On the one hand, the culture of official historians stipulated the political-education functions as the main in terms of value-orientation. On the other hand, its academic compatibility led Chinese literature to a unique system of multi-literature. The article argues that the rational spirit of the official historians" culture covered the Chinese traditional literature, conceptions and historical viewpoints of literature, and the literature systems.