自由贸易协议谈判中的劳工标准问题--以美国和柬埔寨纺织品服装贸易协议为例

从20世纪90年代中期起至今,国际劳工标准已成为以美国为首的发达国家和发展中国家贸易争端中最新的争论焦点,不仅分歧重大,而且难以取得共识.但在美国的积极推动下劳工标准的问题在地区性的自由贸易协议谈判中和一些双边自由贸易协议谈判中取得了重大进展.为提高柬埔寨的劳工标准而使用贸易压力是美国一贯主张在贸易领域遵守国际承认的核心劳工标准的一个典型案例.<美国-柬埔寨纺织品服装贸易协议>可称之为柬埔寨模式政府主导、国际组织介入--普惠制之外的奖惩手段.

Issue of Labor Standards in the Negotiation of Free Trade Agreements

Since the mid-1990s the trade and labor standards debate has been one of the more sociali ssues between the developed countries, led by the United States and LDCs. The focus is whether to link trade with labor rights. It's difficult to achieve consensus on this issue. But progress on incorporating labor provisions into free trade agreements has achieved in the regional and bilateral levels due to the United States. The U.S.-Cambodia Trade Agreement on Textile and Apparel in 1999 was a strong case that the United States used trade sanctions as tools to press Cambodia for a compliance with internationally recognized core labor standards. That is a Cambodia model: a resort to rewards and sanctions that government played a leading role and international organization participated beyond GSP.