论美国诊所法律教育的起源及对中国法治的启示

美国民权运动、国力增长、法学理论进步、法学教育发展和民间基金支持是美国诊所法律教育在20世纪60—70年代兴起的根本因素。考察美国诊所法律教育起源对中国法治有重大的启示意义:美国诊所法律教育的法律援助功能启示通过中国法律诊所来实现社会正义;美国现实主义法学对美国诊所教育法律的促进启示我们要深刻理解当今中国法学研究的任务;诊所法律教育对法律技能的重视启示我们更加重视法学教育理论和实践的结合;诊所法律教育对"活的法律"的重视启示我们诊所法律教育会将法律人和治理国家联系在一起。诊所法律教育虽然意义重大,但在中国要实现诊所法律教育仍存在诸多问题:宏观上,我国法学教育的目标降低了诊所法律教育的地位;法律对代理人和辩护人的规定限制了真实诊所功能的发挥;微观的问题则有财力缺乏、诊所形式设计以及学分评价等问题。

On The Origin of American Clinical Legal Education And The Enlightenment To Rule of Law of China

The American civil rights movement,the strong growth of sate power,the legal theory progress,law education development and folk fund support are the fundamental factors which promoted the arising of American clinical legal education in 20 centuries 60-70s.It has significant implications for rule of law in China to inspect the origin of American clinical legal education:the legal aid function of American clinical legal education enlightens us to realize social justice through Chinese legal clinics;American realism jurisprudence to promote clinical education enlightens that we should have a deep understanding of the tasks of the current Chinese legal research;the emphasis of clinical legal education on legal skills inspires us to pay more attention to the combination of theory and practice of legal education;the emphasis of clinical legal education on "living law" inspires us that the clinical legal educational linked together law men and the governance of country.Though the clinical legal education plays a significant role on the rule of law in China.It will be confronted with many problems to realize the clinical legal education: the macroscopic problems are the low clinical legal education status which are restrained by our legal education target and the law of agent and defender rules which limit the real clinic functions;the microcosmic problems are the lack of financial resources,the clinic form design and credit evaluation.