论竞争的后果与风险社会

工业社会是竞争的社会,竞争促进了经济繁荣和社会发展。在工业社会这个历史阶段中,竞争似乎表现为一种终极性的社会发展推动力,推动了社会运行和社会变化的加速化。社会运行和社会变化的加速化与社会的复杂化和不确定化是同步的,在20世纪后期,我们的社会呈现出高度复杂性和高度不确定性特征,并以风险社会的形式作用于我们的生活和生存。竞争行为也许有着悠久的历史,但这种行为的模式化是在工业社会中实现的。而且,博弈论的出现也使竞争行为得到了理论证明,并在博弈论反作用于实践的时候,使竞争行为模式获得了理性化的策略。在工业社会中,竞争是理性的人的理性行为,也是在社会规范的框架下展开的,但其结果却是理性不能接受和承认的,是一种非理性的状态。具体地说,竞争行为在其所发生的每一个系统中都可能是理性的,而在溢出到系统之外的时候,就以一种非理性的结果出现了。所以,竞争把人类带入了风险社会中,而在风险社会中,竞争的后果则更加危险。

On Consequences of Competition and Risk Society

Industrial society is a competitive society,and competition promotes economic prosperity and social development.In the historical stage of industrial society,competition seems to be the ultimate impetus to social development,which promotes the acceleration of social operation and social change.The acceleration of social operation and social change is synchronized with the complexity and uncertainty of society.In the late twentieth century,our society presented a highly complex and uncertain feature,and acted on our life and existence in the form of risk society.Competitive behavior may have a long history,but the patterning of this behavior is realized in industrial society.Moreover,the emergence of game theory has also proved the competitive behavior in theory,and when game theory reacts to practice,it has made the behavior obtain a rational strategy.In industrial society,competition is the rational behavior of rational people,and is also carried out under the framework of social norms.However,the result is irrational and unacceptable to reason,which is in a state of irrationality.In particular,competitive behavior may be rational in every system in which it occurs,and when it spills out of the system,it appears with irrational results.Therefore,competition has brought human beings into risk society,and in the risk society,the consequences of competition are even more danger-ous.