试析俄罗斯的宪政转轨:一个比较制度分析视角

社会交换域中传统影响和民众对民主的渴望导致了专权风格的叶利钦宪法,进而为普京时期的威权政治模式打下了基础。普京执政后,推行的这一整套相对集权的政策并不是普京的创造和发明。这种选择其实在1993年已经作出,千年以后的发展只是战术层面的一个调整,是对叶利钦时期政治遗产的整体性继承和局部性调整。原因在于,普京的作为都是在1993年宪法的框架内进行的。从法理角度看,普京当选俄罗斯总统和他的连任,是完全符合宪法准则并按照这些准则实施的,宪法制度为俄罗斯总统权力的集中提供了法律保证。俄罗斯知识界和自由民主派对普京的一系列作法颇有微词,但普京在俄罗斯社会的支持度居高不下,这种状况可以用亨廷顿的一句话来诠释:可以有秩序而无自由,但不能有自由而无秩序。[1]普京做了人民希望的事情,而不是普京自己想作的事情。

An analysis of Russian constitutional government transferring- track: view of comparison constitution analysis

Traditional effect in society interchange dominant and longing for the democracy to the moss lead to the Yeltsin's constitution of monopolized power style,therefore make a base for the monopolized power-politic pattern in the Putin' period.After being in the power,Putin' executing a whole set of comparative centralization of state power policy,which is rather than his creation and invention.In fact,this choice was already made in 1993,the development after 2000 is only a adjustment for the tactics level,integrated-inherit and local-adjustment to the Yeltsin' period political inheritance.For that Putin' executing is carried out within the constitution frame.Seen from the legal principle,Putin was being elected for the president and his renewing administration power is conformed to the constitution standard and executed according to the standard,constitution system provides the legal guarantee for the concentration for the Russian president.Russian intellectual cycles and free non-Communist party express some veiled criticism to a series of practice from Putin,but the sustain degree to Putin in Russian society stick at a high level,a cited word from Samuel Huntington can interpret this kind of situation: Human being can there be no liberty but has order,but can not there be no order but has liberty.Putin does things people hope to do,rather than Putin wants to do himself.