甲醇中毒机制的研究进展

甲醇经口或皮肤吸收入血后造成中毒者双目失明甚至死亡等严重后果的案件时有发生。甲醇及其代谢产物甲醛、甲酸均可对机体产生严重毒性作用,引起代谢性酸中毒、视力障碍及神经症状。目前对于甲醇中毒机制的研究主要集中在甲醇氧化代谢过程中形成的甲醛、甲酸及大量自由基直接或间接地造成组织细胞缺氧,结构及生物特性改变,自由基及抗氧化系统、蛋白酶及蛋白酶抑制系统平衡被打破,而造成体内一系列中毒改变。

Advancement of methanol poisoning mechanism research

The methanol poisoning by oral intake or skin contact occurs occasionally, which may have serious consequences including blindness and/or death. Methanol and its metabolites, formaldehyde and formic acid, are associated with metabolic acidosis, visual dysfunction and neurological symptoms. At present, the mechanism of methanol poisoning primarily focuses on the cell hypoxia, the alteration of structure and biological activity induced by free radical and lactic acid. Meanwhile, methanol poisoning causes changes in the balance between the production of free radicals and antioxidant capacity and in the proteases-protease inhibitors system, which lead to a series of disturbances.