治安软法的实践效应及完善

治安软法是指原则上没有法律约束力,但有实际效力的警察规范性文件。公安机关适用的软法包括解释性、指令性、宣言性等文件,其根本目的是为了解决安全事件治理中的疑难。治安软法具有积极性和消极性两重实践效应,积极性效应在于,软法进一步完善公安法制,缓解硬法带来的刚性冲突;消极性效应在于,软法引起基层派出所守法的不确定性,甚至是执法的随意性。有效解决的方法是承认治安软法的实际效力,同时对治安软法制定的程序、警察执法权力的规范、责任的认定以及执法的监督等做出详尽规定,才能使治安软法扬长避短地发挥其维护公民安全、公共安全的功能。

Effect and Perfection of Soft Law in Public Administration

The soft law of public security administration refers to those police normative documents which are applicable but without legal binding.These documents are mostly explanatory,mandatory or declarative in nature,applied mainly to tackle the problems in the security management.The soft law is a double-edged sword.On the one hand,it completes police law and alleviates the rigid conflicts brought by concrete legislation.On the other hand,it leads to unpredictable or even arbitrary law enforcement at local police organs.The article suggests that effective measures be taken regarding the stipulations on the legislation procedure of the soft law,on the enforcement power of the police,on the recognition of responsibility and on the law enforcement supervision in order to make proper use of the law for the maintenance of social order.