我国行政诉讼诉判关系的新认识

行政诉判关系就是行政诉请与判决的关系,属于研究诉请与判决之间关系的客观规律范畴。一般观点认为,行政诉讼与民事诉讼一样,行政诉请对行政判决的制约作用,即行政诉请与行政判决的具有一致性,是由司法的被动性、处分原则、正当法律程序所决定的。行政诉判关系的一般观点以及理论基础具有一定的局限性,缺乏系统的逻辑论证以及忽视了行政诉讼的特殊性。构建行政诉判关系应当以主观公权利救济和客观法秩序维护两条主线重新认识。从主观公权利救济的角度看,主观公权利、行政诉权、诉讼请求、行政判决的关系从逻辑上总保持着相当程度的一致性和连贯性。而从客观法秩序维护的角度,行政行为的违法性与有效性并非一致决定了行政诉判并非完全一致。因此,行政诉判关系是一致性与非一致性的统一。

Rethinking the Relationship between Suing and Judgment in Administrative Litigation in China

The relationship between suing and judgment in administrative litigation refers to the relationship between administrative claim and judgment,which belongs to the domain of studying the objective law in relationship between administrative claim and judgment.Generally speaking,as administrative litigation is like civil litigation,administrative judgment is bound by administrative claim,that is,the consistency between administrative claim and administrative judgment is decided by judicial passiveness,the principle of punishment and legitimate legal procedures.General opinions and theoretical basis on relationship between suing and judgment in administrative litigation in some degree have limitations,lacking systematical logic arguments and ignoring the specialty of administrative litigation.Constructing the relationship between suing and judgment in administrative litigation should be rethought based on two aspects of subjective public rights relief and objective legal order maintenance.From the perspective of subjective public rights relief,the relationship among subjective public rights,a right to administrative litigation,litigation claim and administrative judgment remains high consistency and uniformity in terms of logic.From the perspective of objective legal order maintenance,the fact that illegality of administrative act is not consistent with its effectiveness lead to the outcome that administrative judgment cannot be completely consistent.Therefore,the relationship between suing and judgment in administrative litigation combines consistency with inconsistency.