Hanging in,stepping up and stepping out: livelihood aspirations and strategies of the poor |
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| Authors: | Andrew Dorward Simon Anderson Yolanda Nava Bernal Ernesto Sánchez Vera Jonathan Rushton James Pattison |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Centre for Development, Environment and Policy, School of Oriental and African Studies , Wye Campus, Wye, Ashford, Kent, TN25 5DE, UK E-mail: Andrew.Dorward@soas.ac.uk;2. Climate Change Group, International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) , 4 Hanover Street, Edinburgh, EH2 2EN, Scotland, UK E-mail: simon.anderson@iied.org;3. Jesús Carranza 1012 , Col. Moderna de la Cruz, Edo. de México, Toluca, CP 50180, Mexico E-mail: navabernal@yahoo.com.mx;4. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Agropecuarias (CICA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEM) , Jesús Carranza 616-bis, Col. Moderna de la Cruz, Edo de México, Toluca, 50180, Mexico E-mail: esv@uaemex.mx;5. AGAL, FAO , Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153, Rome, Italy E-mail: rushtonjonathan@yahoo.com |
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| Abstract: | In recent years understanding of poverty and of ways in which people escape from or fall into poverty has become more holistic. This should improve the capabilities of policy analysts and others working to reduce poverty, but it also makes analysis more complex. This article describes a simple schema which integrates multi-dimensional, multi-level, and dynamic understandings of poverty, of poor people's livelihoods, and of changing roles of agricultural systems. The article suggests three broad types of strategy pursued by poor people: ‘hanging in’, ‘stepping up’, and ‘stepping out’. This simple schema explicitly recognises the dynamic aspirations of poor people, diversity among them, and livelihood diversification. It also brings together aspirations of poor people with wider sectoral, inter-sectoral, and macro-economic questions about policies necessary for the realisation of those aspirations. |
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| Keywords: | Aid Labour and livelihoods Methods |
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