战后初期日本解决能源供应危机的政策设计

煤炭、石油、电力等能源的供应危机是战后日本经济复兴中最大的“瓶颈约束”。日本为确保经济发展所需的能源动力，选择了具有“国家管制”和“行政计划”特征的能源配置框架；确立了优先加强能源“量”的增产和供应而非“利润”和“效益”的政策目标；运用了行政约束、法律强制、精神动员等多元化的政策工具。日本舒缓和规避能源“瓶颈约束”的政策构想源于统制经济思想。

Japan's Policy Frame of Solving the Energy Supply Crisis during the Initial Post-war Period

The biggest ＂bottleneck constraint＂ during the recovery of Japanese economic after World War Two is the energy supply crisis of coal, petroleum and electricity. In order to ensure energy supply, the Japanese government adopts the institutional framework of ＂state control＂ and ＂administrative scheme＂, and establishes the policy goals in which the ＂quantity＂ of energy production and supply is prior to ＂profit＂ and ＂efficiency＂. It makes use of the many policy tools of administrative constraints, law enforcement and spiritual mobilization. The policies of comforting and avoiding the energy ＂bottleneck re- straint＂ come from the Japanese economics controlling ideas.