农村教育融资问题研究

农村基础教育作为准公共品 ,具有很大的正外部性或者“邻里效应”。政府应该在全国农村保障提供满足最低标准的基础教育产品 ,市场则可以根据公民的差别需求和偏好提供同样满足最低标准的、非平均化的差别产品。从中国财政资金总量来看 ,农村义务教育问题不是财政资金供给严重不足问题 ,而是财政资金分配严重不合理问题。设计一种合理的转移支付制度可以从根本上解决农村教育融资问题。

Problems of the Financing of Rural Basic Education in China and Possible Solutions

According to the Compulsory Education L aw , ensuring rural basic education is a minimal requirement for government. The go vernment sector should ensure the provision of a minimal standard of basic educa tion in rural China, while the market sector can provide consumers with diversif ied "products" of basic education which meet the diversified demands and prefer e nces of the consumers and meet also the required minimal standard. In such a sys tem, private schools can also accept vouchers distributed by the education depar tments to students/pupils, and are thus eligible to receive the education funds from the government. Such a competition mechanism tends to induce efficiency in the provision and production of rural basic education. The problem of financing of rural basic education is not a problem of the shortage of fiscal resources, b ut one of their distributions. A reasonable specific transfer system for rural b asic eduction can serve as a solution.