粮食主产区粮食补贴改革研究——以江苏省的调查为例

对江苏省118个农户的问卷调查显示,粮食补贴改革达到了增加粮食生产和提高农民收入的政策目标.2004年水稻生产的恢复性增长是粮价上涨、农业税费减免和直接补贴共同作用的结果.如果按照农田计税面积补贴,随着农业产业结构的调整,农民很可能会减少粮食生产.如果按照粮食交售量补贴,可以起到增加种粮农民收入和稳定粮食生产的作用,但不利于国有粮食购销企业的改革和多元化粮食流通渠道的形成.因此,粮食主产区应该按照粮食实际种植面积进行补贴,合理确定补贴标准.粮食直接补贴要和新型保护价配合使用,建立起农民收入和粮食安全保障机制.

Research on Grain Subsidy Reform in the Main Areas of Grain Production: A Case Study of Jiangsu Province

The questionnaire investigation of 118 farming households in Jiangsu Province shows that the grain subsidy reform has achieved the goals to increase grain production and farmers' income and the resultant growth of rice production is the collective outcome of price rise, reduction of agricultural tax and direct subsidy. If the subsidy is provided according to taxed farmland area, farming households will likely reduce grain production with the adjustment of agricultural structure. If the subsidy basis is the amount of grain sold to state supply centers, the grain subsidy could increase grain farmers' income and stabilize grain production. However, this subsidy method doesn't benefit the reform of state grain supply centers and the development of other grain circulating channels. Therefore, the main areas of grain production should be subsidized according to actual grain planting area, decide reasonable subsidy level and establish security system of farmers' income and grain safety formed by direct grain subsidy and new protection price.