中西人体艺术反差的文化渊源

在远古时代,西方女性裸体形象强调的是性崇拜,中国强调的则是生殖崇拜,带有明显的血缘内涵.奴隶社会的古希腊,性崇拜在当时特定的大文化背景下,理所当然地演变为对于人体美的迷恋和创造,使人体艺术得以发展和繁荣;非常强调宗法观念和血缘继承关系的中国古代,则本能地反对"伤风败俗"、"诲淫诲盗"的人体艺术.西方非常注重人体形式美的塑造,并力图通过人的形体美去显现人的内在美;中国却非常注重人物神韵的传达和人伦的鉴识,甚至可以在"离形得似"中实现对审美理想的追求.西方绘画经历了人体画--有风景的人体画--有人体的风景画的演变过程,人体美是其中不可或缺的元素;中国绘画发展到南北朝时,由于受到玄学的深刻影响,很快便进入到山水风景画的成熟期,人体画没有得到充分发展.如此,造成了中西人体艺术的巨大差异.

The Cultural Origin of the Sino-Western Differences in the Nude Art

In ancient times, the Western female nude art stressed sex worship while its Chinese counterpart emphasized the genital worship with strong connotation of blood relations. In Ancient Greece of the Slavery Society, sex worship, conditioned by its cultural context, had naturally evolved into the admiration for and the creation of body beauty, which contributed to the further development of the nude art. Meanwhile, ancient China, stressing patriarchal idea and blood relations, repelled the nude as something immoral and obscene. Western people focused on the creation of the formal beauty of the body and tried to reflect its intrinsic beauty through the form. On the other hand, the Chinese emphasized the overall aesthetic beauty and the evaluation by the principles of human relationships. The Western painting evolved from the nude, to the nude in the scenic background and to the scenic painting with the nude in which body beauty became the important element. The Chinese painting, up to the South and North Dynasties, had turned to scenery because of the influence of metaphysical ideas. Consequently, the nude art enjoyed little development. Hence the differences of the Sino-Western nude art.