重建共犯本质理论逻辑基点——关于德日共犯本质理论逻辑基点的否定

刑事古典学派所追求的最高价值--个人权利和刑事近代学派所追求的最高价值--整体社会利益--防卫社会,是两种对立的价值观.若以此作为共犯本质理论的逻辑基点,不可能达到共犯本质理论的公正性与合理性,因为新旧两派的思想基础并非是整个人类社会都认同的刑法理论的基础价值.由于法官中立价值能够达成全社会的"共识",具有达到共犯本质理论公正性与合理性的可能性,因而,应该以"法官中立价值"作为共犯本质理论的逻辑基点.

Reconstruction of the Logical Basis of Theory of the Nature of Joint Crimes

Concerning the nature of joint crimes,there have been two opposing values in the Japanese criminal law field,i.e.the 'personal right value' held by the Old School(the Classical School) and the 'social benefit'-'defense of the society value' held by the Early-modern school.However,neither of these can lead to the justification of the relevant theory as they were not built on any universally acknowledged criminal law basis.The author of this paper believes that the study of the nature of joint crimes should be placed on this logical basis: the impartiality of the judge.