民族志的科学范式的奠定及其反思

一般认为,民族志的科学范式是由马林诺斯基出版于1922年的民族志代表作《西太平洋的航海者》所奠定的,它体现了功能主义人类学/科学人类学对田野作业、理论或主题、民族志三要素的结合。近年来进行学科反思的学者指出,过于强调马林诺斯基的贡献其实抹煞了民族志方法早在1922年以前的一个时期就逐渐发展起来的事实;更重要地,对马林诺斯基的文本和学术背景的研究表明,他所谓的"科学"民族志既包含了诗学也包含了政治成分。

The Establishment of the Scientific Norm for Ethnography and its Revelation

It is generally accepted that Argonauts of the Western Pacificpublished by Malinowski in 1922 as his representative work of ethnography lays the foundation of the scientific norm for ethnography because it embodies the combination of the three key elements (fieldwork, theory/theme and ethnography) in functional anthropology/scientific anthropology. In recent years, the scholars who have given much reflection to the disciplinary establishment have pointed out that the over-emphasis of Malinowski's contribution has ignored the following facts that the ethnographical methods had been established gradually before 1922; and, more significantly, the study of Malinowski's texts and academic backgrounds has revealed that his "scientific" ethnography has the elements of both poetics and politics.