| Abstract: | Procedural justice, which refers to the fairness of the process of decision making, is contrasted with substantive justice, which refers to the fairness of the outcomes. Extending the work of Mashaw, it is argued that there are six normative models of procedural justice: bureaucracy, professionalism, legality, managerialism, consumerism and markets. Using data from a comparative study of computerization in the social security systems of 10 countries in Europe, North America and Australasia, bureaucracy emerges as the dominant model, followed either by managerialism or by legality. Professionalism and the market are the least important models. The effect of computerization has been to intensify and entrench the bureaucratic and managerial models and undermine the professional model. In addition to presenting general trends, the paper also presents and attempts to account for differences between the 10 countries in the study. |
