美国土地征收中的“公共利益”

本文回顾了美国土地征收中公共利益的司法演进,并用经济学理论分析了公共利益的效率内涵。美国联邦最高法院把宪法第五修正案征收条款中的公共使用从字面的狭义解释逐渐拓展为广义解释,最后把公共目的等同于公共使用。然而,法院难以在公益私用征收和纯粹私用征收之间划定一条清晰的界线,这使人们对私用征收的泛滥以至公权对私权的过度侵犯充满忧虑。土地征收提高了土地资源的配置效率,最终可能通过加快经济发展来补偿土地被征收者的损失并改善他们的福利。

ThePublic Interestof Land Expropriation in the United States

This paper reviews the judicial evolution of public interest of land expropriation in the United States,and uses the economic theory to analyze the efficiency implication of public interest.The Supreme Court of the United States has gradually broadened its interpretation of the public useof the Takings Clause in the Fifth Amendment,from a narrower,literal view to a much broader one.In the end,public purposeis equated withpublic use.However,it's difficult for the court to draw a clear line betweenpublic purp...